Two species of the Black-eared Wheatear are recognized: the Western Black-eared Wheatear (Oenanthe hispanica) occurring in South-western Europe and North Africa, and the Eastern Black-eared Wheatear (Oenanthe melanoleuca) occurring in South-eastern Europe, Turkey and Iran.
Both species were formerly (and still are by some authorities) not considered a full species but subspecies of the Black-eared Wheatear (Oenanthe hispanica).
The species were split based on the results of a genetic study of the wheatears published in 2019.
The two species look very similar, but the Western Black-eared Wheatear is usually distinguished by more extensive and warmer yellow wash on the head, back, and breast. 
The Eastern Black-eared Wheatear has more extensive black markings on the head and throat (black mask extending significantly above the eye and bill) and is more 'black-and-white' than the Western Black-eared Wheatear.

Eastern Black-eared Wheatear. Lesvos, Greece, 24 April 2010